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TEACHER PREPAREDNESS FOR FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT IN COMPETENCY BASED CURRICULUM IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN NANDI-EAST SUB-COUNTY, NANDI COUNTY, KENYA
(2025) SHADRACK KIPKEMBOI LELEI
The Kenyan government introduced the competency-based curriculum in its school system in 2017. In this curriculum, formative assessment plays an integral part. Teachers hold a pivotal role in the implementation of this curriculum. Their preparedness is thus of essence. In Nandi East Sub- County little is known about teacher preparedness for the implementation of the competency-based curriculum. It is in this light that the study sought to establish the extent of teacher preparedness for formative assessment in the implementation of the competency based curriculum. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of teacher preparedness for formative assessment in competency-based curriculum in public primary schools in Nandi-East Sub-County. Objectives of the study included to establish the extent of teacher re-tooling program in enhancing teacher preparedness for formative assessment in competency-based curriculum in public primary schools in Nandi-east sub-county; to determine the extent of teacher involvement in curriculum development in enhancing teacher preparedness for formative assessment in competency-based curriculum in public primary schools in Nandi-east sub-county, to determine the effect of teacher ability to use assessment tools in enhancing teacher preparedness for formative assessment in competency-based curriculum in public primary schools in Nandi-east sub-county, to examine challenges teachers experience in implementing formative assessment in competency-based curriculum in public primary schools in Nandi-east sub-county and to examine ways of enhancing teachers’ capacity for formative assessment in CBC in public primary schools in Nandi-east sub-county. The study was anchored on Concern-Based Adoption Model. The study adopted convergent parallel mixed methods research design and targeted 87 head teachers, 720 public primary school teachers and one Curriculum Support Officer. The sample size was 268 selected using stratified random sampling technique and purposive sampling technique. The study adopted content validity where experts’ opinion was sought to validate the contents of the research instruments. The study adopted internal consistency reliability which was tested using Cronbach’s alpha co-efficient. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, percentages and frequencies, inferential statistic, such as, regression analysis and content analysis where qualitative data was summarized into common themes. Results were as follows; Teacher re-tooling program, teacher involvement in curriculum development and assessment tools had a positive and significant effect on level of teacher preparedness of (β= .377, p < 0.05), (β= .491, p < 0.05) and (β= .420, p < 0.05) respectively. Challenges that teachers experience in implementing formative assessment in competency-based curriculum are lack of classrooms for proper implementation of formative assessment, high enrolment which pressure the available resources and lack of enough textbooks for learners and reference books for teachers. The strategies used to enhance teachers’ capacity for formative assessment in CBC include teachers’ use of assessment information to plan and integration of classroom assessment with the instructional process for teachers. The study concluded that the success of the competency-based curriculum depends on teacher preparedness for formative assessment in competency-based curriculum. The study recommended that the schools’ management should prioritize teacher’s preparedness for formative assessment in competency-based curriculum for its implementation is to be successful.
EFFECT OF INTEREST RATES ON CREDIT ACCESSIBILITY IN KENYA: A CASE OF COMMERCIAL BANK BRANCHES IN NANDI COUNTY
(2023) JUSTUS KIPKOGEI KIRUI
Interest rates contribute significantly to the performance of commercial banks; this depends on the value of interest charged on credits or loans issued. Borrower’s access to credits or loans is determined by the level of interest charged by commercial banks. Balancing of the different interest rates have made difficult to balance the ideal rate that will propel effective credit borrowing conditions. The fluctuations of interest rates in the market make it difficult to determine accurately the elasticity of loan accessibility this means that financial institutions find it difficult to predict their loan performance. Therefore, the general objective was to investigate the effect of interest rates on credit accessibility in commercial bank branches in Nandi County, Kenya. The specific objectives were to determine the effect of lending rate on credit accessibility in commercial bank branches in Nandi County, Kenya; assess the effect of deposit rate on credit accessibility in commercial bank branches in Nandi County, Kenya; find out the effect of interbank rate on credit accessibility in commercial bank branches in Nandi County, Kenya; and establish the effect of base rate on credit accessibility in commercial bank branches in Nandi County, Kenya. The theoretical frameworks of the study were Fisher's theory of interest and Keynes theory of liquidity preference. The study used descriptive and correlation research design, with the target population being 98 staff that included; 15 branch managers and 83 credit officers from the 15 commercial bank branches of Nandi County. Due to the small size of the target population, the study employed census techniques. Questionnaires were issued to the respondents, and the data collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings showed a strong positive relationship existing between the loan taken and the four variables: lending, deposit, interbank, and base interest rates. At P<0.05 the study found that lending interest rates contributes 37.6%, deposit interest rates 17.9%, interbank interest rates 6.4% and base interest rates 12.6% of credit accessibility. These interest rates determine the amount and type of credit borrowed among households. The study concludes that interest rates have a strong positive relationship effect on loan accessibility. Therefore, policy makers in the financial and credit sectors need to develop viable strategies on interest rates to enhance loan accessibility.
BORROWERS SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF LOAN REPAYMENT: A SURVEY OF PERSPECTIVE OF NANDI MSME’S OWNERS
(2023) EMMY CHELAGAT
Loan repayment is an obligation of the borrowers in which is depended on the conditions created by the lenders. The competition in the banking sector has prompted many lenders to provide credit with fewer restrictions, and this has led to an increase in non-performing loans. Lenders have reported a larger number of defaulted or serviced loans with them moving away from security guaranteed loans. This has meant that they have to relook at ways of enhancing loan repayments. Therefore, the study sought to investigate the borrower’s socio-economic determinants of loan repayment a perspective of MSMEs in Nandi County. The specific objectives include: to establish the influence of product knowledge on loan repayments among MSMEs loan borrowers, to investigate the influence of income on loan repayments among MSMEs loan borrowers, Nandi County, to assess the influence of 5c’s on loan repayments among MSMEs loan borrowers, Nandi County, and to evaluate the influence of the firm’s value on loan repayments among MSMEs loan borrowers, Nandi County. The agency and Theory of Planned behavior (1991) were the theories that guided the study. The study did employ a descriptive research design and correlational research design. The target population of the study was 306 MSMEs loan beneficiaries registered under the trade and licensing department in 2021/2022 financial year in Nandi County. The study employed stratified simple random sampling technique to obtain 173 samples of MSMEs loan beneficiaries from the sub-counties of Nandi County. The selected samples were given self-administered structured questionnaires. The raw primary data were then analyzed using inferential and descriptive statistics. Regression and correlation analysis were the inferential statistics used by the study. Descriptive statistics showed that product knowledge, income, 5c’s and firms value influence loan repayment. Inferential findings showing that a combination of predictors (product knowledge, income, 5Cs, and firm’s value) contributes 95.7% of the loan repayments at 95% significance level. The beta values of predictors at p<0.05 include; product knowledge (𝛽1=0.103), income (𝛽2=0.212), SCs (𝛽3=0.014, and 𝛽4=0.001). The study concludes that borrower’s socio-economic determinants of loan repayment have a significant effect on loan repayment. Therefore, the study recommends policy makers in financial institutions to develop credit policies that are take consideration of socio-economic determinants that aid in reducing loan defaults.
STRATEGIC FACTORS AFFECTING QUALITY SERVICE DELIVERY IN KENYA: A SURVEY OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN UASIN GISHU COUNTY
(2023) LYDIA BOIT
Service delivery in banking institution is usually influenced by a number of environmental aspects that require managers to formulate sustainable remedies. The competition found in the banking sectors makes quality service delivery as a complex endeavor. Inadequate management of strategic factors as reported by the banking authority in has led to several banking institutions in the country experiencing a decline in profitability about 6% of them have closed down their operations. The aim of this project was to establish the strategic factors affecting quality service delivery : a survey of commercial bank branches in Kenya. The research objectives were as follows: to establish the effect of digital banking on quality service delivery: a survey of commercial bank branches in Kenya, to determine the effect of staff competency on quality service delivery: a survey of commercial bank branches in Kenya, to assess the effect of operational costs on quality service delivery: a survey of commercial bank branches in Kenya and to evaluate the effect of government banking policies and regulations on quality service delivery: a survey of commercial bank branches in Kenya. The research was guided by the new public management theory, Total Quality Model (TQM). The research did employ a descriptive and correlational research design where registered commercial banks found in Uasin Gishu did provide the target population. These included 104 managers of selected commercial banks. Primary data was used and was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Digital banking and quality service delivery have a positive significant close relationship, r=0.653. The t=0.649, p<0.05, show there is significant relationship between digital baking and quality service delivery. A positive close relationship was found between staff competency and quality service delivery, r=0.607. The t=5.644, p<0.05, shows that there is significant relationship between staff competency and quality service delivery. A positive close relationship exists between operational costs and quality service delivery, r=0.615. The t=1.752, p<0.05, shows that there is also a relationship between operational costs and quality service delivery. A positive relationship exists between government policies and regulations and quality service delivery, r= 0.748. The t=0.941, p<0.05, shows there is a relationship between operational costs and quality service delivery. The research concludes that strategic factors have a significant influence on quality of service delivered where as digital banking and staff competency are the most outstanding factors of the others in quality service delivery with other factors contributing to their measurability. Organizations providing service delivery need to conduct market surveys and researches to aid develop strategies managing dynamic strategic factors.
EFFECTS OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY STRATEGIES ON SERVICE DELIVERY IN NANDI COUNTY GOVERNMENT, KENYA
(2023) KIRUI SHADRACK
The ICT utilization has become a primary component in service delivery of many organizations and institutions. Many of these countries have been developing IT strategies to make sure that the services are accessible to all its citizens through links or applications. With this mind, the digitization of services to enhance service delivery has been one of the biggest challenges facing many governments. Public entities have embraced some of the ICT strategies but are rated low in service delivery this prompts answers to address this scenario. The main objective was to establish the effects of ICT strategies on service delivery in Nandi County Government, Kenya. The specific objectives were to investigate the effect of IFMIS implementation, to assess the effect of telecommuting, to determine the effect of cloud services and to investigate the effect of automation on service delivery in Nandi County Government, Kenya. The study adopted Schumpeter innovation theory, diffusion of innovation theory and system theory. The study adopted the descriptive and correlational research design where a target population of 129 employees comprising of ten departments which targeted the chief executive officers (CEOs), directors of the various departments under this ministries and support staff. The study employed census technique to obtain its study respondents. The primary data was collected using questionnaire, and results collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The final results were presented using frequency distribution tables and logical statements. The research found out that the IFMIS system, cloud computing, telecommuting and automation has enhanced service delivery activities in the County. Furthermore, revealing that there was a significant relationship between elements such as IFMIS implementation, cloud computing, telecommuting, automation and service delivery. The predictors (IFMIS implementation (β1 =0.27) cloud computing (β2=0.09), telecommuting (β3=0.46), automation (β4=0.45) contributing to one it of public service delivery. The research is significant to the public entities embracing ICT in provision of their products and services. The study recommends to the policy makers in the government to make certain that ICT strategies form part of their decisions in enhancing service delivery.